THE TIMEX® COMPUTER CLUB NEWSLETTER C^Ubmbers GOING CAMPING Instead of packing tents, backpacks, cook¬ ing gear, the ol’ fishing pole, and hiking into the wilderness this summer, many thou¬ sands of youngsters are camping out with the TIMEX Personal Computer and hiking into the enchanted wilderness known as “hi-tech” computerology. To find out what’s been cooking this past summer, we took a fast peek at a couple of local TIMEX Computer Camps. SUMMER COMPUTING FESTIVAL During July and August, Online Computer Education of Salem, Connecticut hosted a summer Computer Festival for youngsters 8-through-16. This five-day (Monday to Friday) computer camp ran from 9:30 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. in eight-locations across Connecticut. Small class size (16-18 campers) and thor¬ oughly knowledgeable instructors permit individual attention. Lectures and “hands- on” experience provide a well-rounded program. Campers are introduced to pro¬ gramming, games, graphics, machine functions, and prerecorded software. Di¬ rector Robert M. Valuk explains, “Campers are encouraged to establish their own ob¬ jectives and to utilize the computer to achieve these goals.” Tuition of $195 includes T/S 1000 computer, course materials, FESTIVAL T-shirt, special awards, milk, juice and snacks (lunch is brought from home), and a $10.00 gift certificate. “By learning about the computer — its ca¬ pabilities and potential uses, these kids are preparing themselves for the hi-tech job market of tomorrow,” adds Mr. Valuk, “and in that respect are way ahead of the game.” ONLINE COMPUTER CAMP AT GLASTONBURY, CONNECTICUT MEET THE COMPUTER Post College in Waterbury, Connecticut, ran a summer camp program called Meet the Computer. In the morning, the campers work with the TIMEX Sinclair Personal Computer and after lunch, the youngsters are treated to sports, social activities, and local trips. Two week-long sessions were held; the July gathering was for younger campers aged 10-to-13 and the August powwow was geared to the 14-16 age group. Speaking about computer camps, Post’s Educational Director Roger LaFrance tells us, “The computer camp is an ideal bridge between the technology around us and the camper’s desire to learn; unfortunately, computer curriculum is still not well defined in many schools.” Professionally-planned instruction and “hands-on” experimentation stimulates camper exploration of the TIM EX com¬ puter, its characteristics, language, and graphic capabilities. Limited enrollment and a four-to-one student-to-instructor ratio promotes one-to-one dialogue to inspire the camper to independently learn to utilize the computer to his or her own best advantage. All activities, trips, lunch, snacks, and T-shirts are included in the $175.00 day- camp tuition. Campers can purchase TIMEX computer equipment at a special, low, educational-program price. Camping out with the TIMEX Personal Computer is a totally exhilarating summer vacation — one that’s well received by campers and parents alike. Joan Donald, Director of Summer Pro¬ grams at Post College, describes camper enthusiasm in this manner, “Because the campers became so absorbed with their TIMEX Computer, it was difficult, at times, to pry them loose — even for lunch and their afternoon of recreational activity.” Continued on page 5 FEATURES in this issue: Don’t Play Doctor with your Timex Personal Computer .. .page 2 Ramblings Book Review. . . .page 3 Rambling Around . .page 4 We Ve Been Talking . .page 4 Bits/Bytes . .page 6 The Forum . ■page 7 Computer Vocabulary . .page 8 VOLUME 1, NUMBER 5 SEPTEMBER, OCTOBER, NOVEMBER 1983 POST COLLEGE’S MEET THE COMPUTER DON’T PLAY DOCTOR WITH YOUR TIMEX PERSONAL COMPUTER All TIMEX Sinclair computer products have been carefully engineered and tested to provide dependable and trouble-free ser¬ vice. However, since no complex system can ever be made 100% “fail-safe”, a mal¬ function may unexpectedly crop up on rare occasions. Please do remember that your computer — tiny as it is — is actually a complex, sophis¬ ticated, and sensitive electronic instrument. Thus, any repairs should only be made by a trained and qualified technician. Unauthorized attempts to disassemble and fix your computer could result in the follow¬ ing consequences: First, tampering with the computer will void the warranty; you will be billed for servicing that otherwise would have been performed free-of-charge. Sec¬ ondly, what originally may have been a small, fast job may have been transformed into a time-consuming major overhaul. THE RIGHT RX Your TIMEX Sinclair 1000™ Personal Com¬ puters a sturdy, well-constructed instru¬ ment. Nevertheless, observing a few com¬ mon sense precautions will help to extend the life of the unit: • Use a damp, lint-free cloth to periodically clean your computer of dust, dirt, and grime • Install your computer in a reasonably secure location — one that is not prone to injury (i.e. falling off a table) • Periodically check for loose electrical connections and frayed wires • Don’t overload house electrical circuits by connecting too many power plugs to the same wall socket • Although the membrane keyboard is reasonably resistant to damage, avoid spilling liquids and other debris on its surface and avoid the use of sharp ob¬ jects to press the keys — this will help to promote long and reliable operation WHEN REPAIRS ARE NECESSARY TIMEX maintains a fully-equipped, fully- staffed internal repair facility at Little Rock, Arkansas. Our trained technicians stand ready to make all necessary repairs. Experience has demonstrated that a large percentage of those computers — that are returned for service — actually do not re¬ quire repairs. So, before returning your computer, refer to the following trouble¬ shooting table to determine if repairs are really needed. TROUBLESHOOTING YOUR COMPUTER SYMPTOM PROBABLE CAUSE REMEDY “SNOW” OR “FUZZ” ON TV SCREEN Incorrect Computer Installation Loose Electrical Connections Maladjusted Fine Tuning Control Switch Box Set to Wrong Position Channel Selectors Set to Wrong Position Loose RAM Module (if used) Refer to the installation diagram in your T/S User Manual and install the computer correctly. Check all electrical connections and confirm that they are tight. Adjust fine tuning control on the TV until the interference disappears. Set two-position switch on the switch box to position COMPUTER. Confirm that channel selector switch on TV and on the under¬ side of the computer are both set to the same channel. Disconnect the 9V DC power cord to the computer. Detach the RAM Module from circuit card at rear of computer. Care¬ fully but securely reinstall the RAM Module. Restore power to the computer by reconnecting the 9V DC adaptor. CANT GET K CURSOR ON TV SCREEN Loose Electrical Connections Loose Power Cord Plug K Cursor Off-Screen Loose Ram Module (if used) Check all electrical connections between the TV and the com¬ puter and confirm that they are tight. Disconnect 9V DC power connector at the computer. Then reattach the connector. It may be necessary to repeat this step several times; you can also jiggle the connector until the K cursor is produced. Adjust the TV horizontal control until the K cursor appears at the bottom of the screen. Refer to previously described remedy. PROGRAM WON’T RUN — S CURSOR (MARKER) IS DISPLAYED Incorrect Syntax Program statement is written incorrectly and will need to be revised. Refer to the T/S User Manual for assistance. PROGRAM WON’T RUN — ERROR CODE IS DISPLAYED AT BOTTOM OF SCREEN Incorrect Program Logic Program logic is faulty and the program stops. Error code (refer to report code definitions in the T/S User Manual) identifies reason why the program stopped and line at which the program stopped. Debug the program; refer to the T/S User Manual for assistance. 2 Continued on page 3 - • I TROUBLE SHOOTING YOUR COMPUTER (con’t) SYMPTOM PROBABLE CAUSE REMEDY PROGRAM RUNS, BUT WITHOUT DATA YOU’VE ALREADY ENTERED PROGRAM WONT LOAD PROGRAM WONT SAVE Using RUN Command to Initiate Program Loose Electrical Connections Improper Recorder to Computer Interconnections Volume Level Too High or Too Low Heads of Tape Recorder are Misaligned Improper Naming Conventions When Program has been Saved Computer Cannot Read Program Name Loose Electrical Connections Improper Recorder to Computer Interconnections Poor Quality Tape Cassette Use of RUN command deletes all user-entered data stored in memory. Instead of the RUN command use GOTO command to initiate the program — refer to the instructions that accom¬ pany your TIMEX software cassette. Check all electrical connections between the computer, the TV and the tape recorder; confirm that they are tight. Tape recorder and the computer are not connected ear-to-ear, or different color connectors are used. Check the Transmitting Cable and confirm that the same color connectors are secured to the EAR jacks on both the tape recorder and the computer. The EAR and the MIC jacks should never be connected simultaneously. Correct tape recorder volume is important. Experiment with the volume level until the program does load (loading will usually occur when volume level is set within a range of 1 / 2 -to 3 /4-of maximum volume). A simple and inexpensive adjustment can be performed at your local electronics store. The correct method of saving a program is to use the SAVE command and the new program name in quotes (i.e. SAVE “NEW PROGRAM NAME”). Load program with the following alternate loading command: LOAD" ” Refer to remedy under “Program Won’t Load.” Tape recorder and the computer are not connected MIC-TO- MIC, or different color connectors are used. Check the transmitting cable and confirm that the same color connectors are secured to the MIC jacks in both the tape recorder and the computer. The MIC and the EAR jacks should never be connected simultaneously. Use only high-quality tape cassettes. TO RETURN YOUR COMPUTER If, after reviewing the troubleshooting data and attempting to correct the difficulty (do not attempt to disassemble your computer — use only the troubleshooting techniques listed in the table) the symptoms are still present, call our Hot Line 1-800-24-TIMEX to speak with one of our representatives. In the event that you are instructed to return your computer for service, ship your com¬ puter to: TIMEX Product Service Center Building 19 Adams Field Little Rock, AR 72203 Please do be sure to enclose a letter ex¬ plaining the difficulty you’ve encountered and your name and address (please print as well). Finally, for your own protection, we rec¬ ommend that your computer be insured against loss or damage during transit. RAMBLINGS BOOK REVIEW Combining a building block approach which proceeds from the rather simple to the rather complex with practical tools such as programming instructions, “hands-on” practice, and self-teaching exercises, the book “Basic Programming for the Timex/ Sinclair Computers” provides a broad in¬ troduction to the Timex/Sinclair BASIC programming language. Using the book as a guide and the com¬ puter as a “teaching machine,” the reader learns how to program by actually pro¬ ceeding to write programs. Sixty-four chapters cover the scope of pro¬ gramming convections elucidating diverse subject matter such as keyboard familiar¬ ization, moving computer graphics, various math concepts, loops, branches, and string-slicing techniques. Written by Joseph J. Charles and pub¬ lished by Hayden Books, “Basic Program¬ ming for the Timex/Sinclair Computer” will soon be available at your local book or computer store. 3 RAMBLIN’AROUND Regardless of whether you’re a beginner or an expert, one of the best ways to fully utilize your TIMEX Personal Computer is to share your enthusiasm and ideas with other members of your local T/S User’s Group. T/S Users’ Groups — like the ones listed below — would like to hear from new mem¬ bers like you. CALIFORNIA Valley Users’ Group 1220 Hillcrest Avenue Livermore, CA 94550 Contact: Don Shupp Sacramento Timex/Sinclair Users’ Group 3655 Sunset Blvd. No. 42 Rockline, CA 95677 Contact: Jim Hirleman Comput/s Club East San Diego Continuing Adult Education School 5350 University Avenue San Diego, CA Contact: James Ardison TSUNI 3325 Pierce Street San Francisco, CA 94123 Contact: Walt Gaby Woodland Timex Sinclair Users’ Group 312 Beamer Street Woodland, CA 95695 Contact: Robert L. Doud COLORADO Mile High Chapter T/S Users’ Group 12026 W. Virginia Place Lakewood, OH 80228 Contact: Peter J. Cillinicos CONNECTICUT The New Haven Sinclair Study Group (for children) 16 Lewis Street New Haven, CT 06513 Contact: Chris Baldwin MICHIGAN Prices Users’ Group of Michigan 324 E. Tienken Road Rochester, Ml 48064 Contact: Ken Price MISSOURI Kansas City, Missouri Users’ Group 4701 Northwest Linden Road Kansas City, MO 64151 Contact: Carl E. Mutch OHIO Sinclair/Timex Users’ Group of Greater Cleveland 19502 Thornridge Cleveland, OH 44144 Contact: Chris Raynak RHODE ISLAND Ocean State T/S Users’ Group 15 Kilburn Ct. Newport, Rl 02840 Contact: Bob Dyl, Sr. TEXAS Timex-Sinclair Educators Users’ Group Texas Wesleyan College School of Education Fort Worth, TX 76105 Contact: M. MarkWasicsko VIRGINIA Hampton Roads Timex/Sinclair Users’ Group 146 Hawthorne Drive Newport News, VA 23602 Contact: Jim Langston Centennial Virginia Timex/Sinclair Users’ Group Route 1, Box 192 Troy, VA 22974 The Centennial Virginia Users’ Group will be holding classes on the operation and programming of the TIMEX Personal Computer. Please contact Herb Miller for time, place, and date. To learn the name and location of your local T/S Users’ Group, please call our toll-free number 1-800-24-TIMEX. WE’VE BEEN TALKING... ... With telecommunication services* like COMPUSERVE™, DOW JONES News/ retrieval, MCI Mail™, and THE SOURCE™ to get you a money-saving trial offer — worth more than $160.00. And, it’s FREE with your purchase of the T/S 2068 Color Computer (COMPUSERVE and MCI) and the T/S 2050 Telecommunications Modem (THE SOURCE); look in the package for the appropriate information. "'These services are provided by the Companies named and not by TIMEX Computer Corp. WE GOT CARRIED AWAY ... ... With this special offer for the TIMEX Personal Computer carrying case. It’s big enough to accommodate the T/S 1000 or T/S 1500 and its accessories, but small enough to accompany you wherever you go. This attractively designed, lightweight, and durable carrying case is just not avail¬ able at any retail store; it’s a TIMEX Com¬ puter Club members only special, at a special, low price. Only 2,000 available, so first-come, first-served. YOU DON’T BUILD A CADILLAC — WITH CHEVY PARTS ... ... Just a simple way of reminding you to always insist upon genuine TIMEX re¬ placement parts for your TIMEX Personal Computer. To order, simply complete the replacement parts order form enclosed with this news¬ letter and mail together with your check, money order, or credit card information — including applicable sales tax, if any. Please do be sure to print your name and address. WE’VE MADE ARRANGEMENTS ... ... With the publishers of SYNC and SYNTAX magazines to offer exciting and economical subscription values to members of the TIMEX Computer Club. Take your pick from among three great magazines and mail the coupon(s) directly to the publisher. WE’VE GOT SOFTHEARTED SOFTWARE ... For the T/S 2068 Personal Computer. More than 25 “user-friendly” cassettes or instant load cartridges are available to help you at home, in business, for school, or just for R and R (rest and recreation). So, select your favorites on the RAMBLINGS order form. First and foremost, RAMBLINGS, the TIMEX Computer Club Newsletter is a fo¬ rum for you, the T/S user. Through this vehi¬ cle, T/S users — throughout the country — can exchange valuable and useful tech¬ niques, ideas, programs, and discuss other topics of mutual interest. We gratefully solicit your articles, programs, suggestions, critiques, and brainstorms. Please mail your contributions to the RAMBLINGS Editor. All contributions become the property of TIMEX and none can be returned. We reserve the right to edit contributed materials to conform to space or editorial policies. And if we publish your material during January through March, we’ll say thank you by sending you a gift of two TIMEX software cassettes of your choice. T/S2068 CASSETTE _ SOFTWARE Ramblings Special Order Form Cassette Number Cassette Description Price Qty. Cassette Number Cassette Description Price CATEGORY: HOME SOFTWARE □ 06-3021 WORD PLAY II 15.95 □ 06-2000 BUDGETER $24.95 □ 06-3025 LANGUAGE USAGE 19.95 □ 06-2002 YARD IMPROVEMENT PLANNER 19.95 □ 06-3028 CAPITALIZATION MASTER 15.95 □ 06-2001 HOME IMPROVEMENT 19.95 □ 06-2004 CHECKBOOK MANAGER 19.95 _ CATEGORY: ENTERTAINMENT SOFTWARE □ 06-2009 PERSONAL PORTFOLIO MANAGER 19.95 □ 06-4000 PINBALL 19.95 □ 06-2010 PERSONAL HOME FINANCE 19.95 □ 06-4001 ANDROIDS 19.95 CATEGORY: BUSINESS SOFTWARE □ 06-4002 PENETRATOR 19.95 □ 06-1000 VU-CALC 24.95 □ 06-4004 CASINO 1 15.95 □ 06-1001 VU-FILE 24.95 □ 06-4005 CROSSFIRE 19.95 □ 06-1002 VU-3D 24.95 □ 06-4006 CIRCUIT BOARD SCRAMBLE 19.95 □ 06-1003 QUADRA CHART 19.95 □ 06-4007 DRAGMASTER 15.95 CATEGORY: EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE □ 06-4009 GUARDIAN 15.95 □ 06-3000 FLIGHT SIMULATOR 24.95 □ 06-4010 STOCK MARKET SIMULATOR 19.95 □ 06-3001 STATES & CAPITALS 15.95 □ 06-4012 FUN GOLF 15.95 □ 06-3010 SPELLING 1 15.95 □ 06-4013 CHESS 19.95 □ 06-3011 SPELLING II 15.95 □ 06-4014 HUNGRY HORACE 19.95 □ 06-3016 MATH WIZARDRY 1 15.95 □ 06-4015 HORACE GOES SKIING 19.95 □ 06-3017 MATH WIZARDRY II 15.95 □ 06-4019 HORACE AND THE SPIDERS 19.95 □ 06-3019 WORD CROSS 15.95 □ 06-4021 BLIND ALLEY 19.95 □ 06-3020 WORD PLAY 1 15.95 □ 06-4023 CRAZYBUGS 19.95 Component Order Form Description Price Qty. Description Price T/S1000 COMPONENTS □ Owner’s Manual 7.50 □ CPU Chip $12.00 □ Dual Audio Cable 4.95 □ ULAChip 12.00 □ TV Coax Cable 4.95 □ ROM Chip 12.00 □ TV/Computer Switch 2.95 □ 2KS-RAM Chip 10.00 □ Printer Paper (3-roll pack) 7.95 □ Modulator 9.00 □ T/S 1000 Schematic 2.50 □ Keyboard 7.50 □ Case Assembly without keyboard 7.50 T/S 1016 RAM COMPONENTS □ Resistor 3.00 □ D-RAMS 6.00 □ Capacitor 3.00 □ AC-DC Transformer 6.00 □ Transistor 3.00 □ Case Assembly 5.00 □ Jack 3.00 □ All IC’s (TTL) 6.00 □ 1C Connectors 3.00 □ 22-Prong Edge Connector 7.50 □ Power Adapter 6.95 □ T/S 1016 RAM Expansion Module Schematic 2.50 Make Checks payable to TIMEX: VISA Account No. MASTERCARD Account No. Card Expiration Date SHIP TO (Please Print): COST OF ITEMS: SHIPPING AND HANDLING PER ORDER SALES TAX* (if any) TOTAL AMOUNT $ _ : _ $_ 2,50 _ $ _ $ _ A Name Address City State Zip Please allow 4-6 weeks for Delivery of Computer Equipment; 8-10 weeks for replacement parts. ‘Residents of Connecticut Please add 7^% Sales Tax. Remember that TIMEX software is also available at your local TIMEX retailer. Order good only in the U.S.A. Please fold, tape, and mail together with check, money order or credit card information. Coupons may be inserted as well, if desired. - 3d3H QlOd - FOLD HERE BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 01 MERIDEN, CT. POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE TIMEX P.O. BOX 1040 MERIDEN, CT. 06450 COMPUTER CORP. NO POSTAGE NECESSARY IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES T/S1000/1500 » COMPUTER CARRYING CASE TIMEX COMPUTER CLUB PRICE: • Specifically for TIMEX 1000™ and $12.95 1500™ Personal Computers • Compact (Wk" x 10" x 3%", Sturdy Construction • Handy Carrying Handle and Shoulder Strap Clips* • Holds Computer, Four Software Car¬ tridges, Power Supply, TV Switch, RAM Pack, and Transmission Cables • Not Available at Retail Stores • Shoulder strap not available. LIMITED TO FIRST 2,000 ORDERS - FIRST-COME, FIRST-SERVED L. < SYNTAX newsletter brings you more fun & use for your TIMEX. Try this — see for yourself. PROGRAM FOR 2068 OR SPECTRUM 18 LET a=15787: LET b=17745 38 LET a * = '•'• The SECRET :: 4-8 LL I b$ = :: i n SYMTRX is 58 LET n=23535: BORDER 8 78 LET p =REEK n+255+PEEK 188 FOR .l=p TO P+32 187 IF PEEK .1=14 THEN LET + CHR $ PEEK U+3) +GHR$ PEEK 288 NEXT .1 : PRINT P.T 18:5; NGREDIENT :: , ; PT 11 3 ; b$; ODER 1; H T 11:21; PPPER 5; FLRSH 1 ; :: Cm t 1 3 b* = b$ C .1 + 4) ai; :: I PROGRAM FOR ZX/TS WITH 8K ROM 18 LET 2=1=8813753 23 LET 6=1=8815317 38 LET H$ = :: THF SECRET 48 LET 6 5 = :: IN SYNTAX IS :! 183 FOR J=15589 TO 15555 185 LET Z =PEEK J 187 IF Z = 125 THEN LET B$=5$+CHR i PEEK id+ 3 3 +CHR$ PEEK, id+ 43 199 NEXT J 288 PRINT RT 18.5 ; R* ; :! INGREDIEN T ! : ; RT 11,9;5$ D cc X < TJ ^ U 2 _o £ 3 C C © JD CD X) £ 3 H a N CO CD C o x: Cl CQ 3 CO Z < £ © z -a -a < CL > .ti -o CC Q. 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O « O 3 C O 3 LU O ° 1 2 ©He II! ^ co fc © © © -g — t E co o © © h u. a: oc I fl ... 1 ll T/S 2020 Program Recorder TIMEX COMPUTER CLUB PRICE: □ Optional AC Adapter: $7.95* $49.95 • Specifically made for TIMEX Computers • Compatible with T/S 1000, T/S 1500, and T/S 2068 • Choice of Battery or Optional AC * Operation • LED Recording Level Indicator • Built-In Tape Counter * Requires AC adapter. Mimz Ltill T/S 2000 COMMAND CARTRIDGE™ Up to 56/C of program-memory. □ 07-2000 BUDGETER $34.95 □ 07-3000 FLIGHT SIMULATOR $39.95 □ 07-3001 STATES & CAPITALS $29.95 □ 07-4005 CRAZY BUGS $29.95 □ 07-4001 ANDROIDS $34.95 □ 07-4004 CASINO I $29.95 □ 07-1000 VU-CALC $34.95 □ 07-1001 VU-FILE $34.95 □ 07-4000 PINBALL $29.95 □ 07-4002 PENETRAT0R $39.95 TIMEX COM 1 Houses 10 your $119*® Ske COMPUSERVE ’ urC E™, etc. MCI Mail™, and W 0peratl0 n • Auto-Dial, Aat ^ and operation Software* , Tirne x Computers . compatible d by irf**** mVSSSllSM. 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CODE VAL LEN SI N COS TAN ASN ACS ATN LN EXP INT SQR SON ABS PEEK USR STR$ CHR$ NOT ** OR AND < = > = <> THEN TO STE P LPRINT LUST STOP SLOW FAST NE W SCROLL CONT DIM REM FOR GOTO G OSUB INPUT LOAD UST LET PAUSE N EXT POKE PRINT PLOT RUN SAVE RAN D IF CLS UNPLOT CLEAR RETURN COP Not only is each letter, number, special character, or graphic character repre¬ sented by a numeric code, but so are the keywords (or tokens). And, this very unique idea offers a very big advantage! For example, your T/S keyboard has a six- letter (or character — a character is also roughly synonymous with a byte) keyword labeled RETURN (Y key). If typed manu¬ ally, this word would consume six-bytes of memory (one for each letter) and you would be required to type all six-letters of this word to incorporate this command within a program. However, since RETURN is a token, only one byte is consumed in memory; press the Y key (when the K cursor is displayed) and presto, the keyword RETURN is dis¬ played on your TV screen. That’s exactly the reason why the cursor skips over the entire keyword when you backspace — or why the entire keyword is deleted when the delete function is employed. Obviously, it’s much faster and easier to press a single key instead of six of them — and that’s the main idea behind the token! TOKEN DECODING Now that you’ve learned about a token and how it works, let’s go one step further: With the use of the appropriate T/S command, you can specify a numeric code and the computer will display the appropriate to¬ ken; or conversely, you can specify a token, and the computer will display its numeric code. Let’s see how this works! A PRINT CHR$ command (CHR$ is pro¬ duced by pressing the U key when the F cursor is displayed) which specifies a par¬ ticular numeric code, yields the appropriate letter, number, special character graphic character or token: PRINT CHR$ 3 Yields: s PRINT CHR$ 14 Yields: : PRINT CHR$ 200 Yields: COS In a similar manner the PRINT CODE com¬ mand ( CODE is produced by pressing the I key when the F cursor is displayed) dis¬ plays the numeric code when the token has been specified: PRINT CODE “5>” Yields 13 PRINT CODE“B” Yields 39 PRINT CODE^R' 1 Yields 217 PRINT CODE " GOTO ” Yields 236 Note that the letter, number, special char¬ acter, graphic character, or token must be entered as a string (i.e.; within quotes) in order to utilize the CODE command. Therefore, you may correctly assume that any string can be correspondingly de¬ coded. However, since, the CODE com¬ mand examines only the first element of a string, the computer will display the same answer (i.e.; 44) for all of the following strings: “GAMES”, “GEORGE”, “GOTO”. By the way, have you tried to obtain the CODE of the GOTO command from your computer yet? I’ll bet you obtained the code of 44 instead of 236! Do you know why? Well, there is a perfectly good and legiti¬ mate reason for this: Because it is a keyword or token, the GOTO command can only be entered when the K cursor is displayed; it won’t work if you type GOTO manually. Now, since you entered PRINT CODE as the first portion of the command, the L cur¬ sor has been generated; this causes the computer to reject the entry of the GOTO command as a token. So, to get around this, you probably typed GOTO manually — which as we said, is a no ... no. Furthermore, by manually typing GOTO as a string, the computer examines only the first letter (G) of the string and displays code 44 which is correct for the G, but wrong for the GOTO. Regardless of what happened, we still want to obtain the code of the token, and to do so, we must “trick” the computer into ac¬ cepting the command. So, here’s what we must do: 1. With the K cursor displayed on the screen, enter the GOTO command. 2. Simultaneously press the SHIFT and the Backspace key (key 5) to move the cur¬ sor to the left of the GOTO command; this generates the K cursor. 3. Enter, in turn, the PRINT command, the CODE command, and the first set of quotes: PRINT CODE "GOTO 4. Advance the cursor to the right of the GOTO command by simultaneously pressing the SHIFT and the Advance key (key 8 ); then enter the second set of quotes: PRINT CODE '‘GOTO’’ Press the ENTER key to run the com¬ mand. Tricky, wasn’t it? But, don’t worry, I’ll accept your token of thanks. The official TIMEX® Computer Club Newsletter, is published monthly by TIMEX Computer Corporation, P.O. Box 2655, Waterbury, CT 06725. Please direct all correspondence to the Editor. Editor Paul Schirlofl This TIMEX Computer Club Newsletter is pub¬ lished solely for informational purposes and shall not be construed as creating any war¬ ranty, express or implied. It may not be repro¬ duced, in any manner, without prior permission from TIMEX. (However, TIMEX User Groups are hereby given permission to reproduce and distribute newsletter information as long as it is for the exclusive use of the members of their User Group — and is not used for commercial publication. Please do be sure to credit RAMBLINGSas the source of the information.) Information contained herein is subject to change at any time, without prior notice, and may be superseded or amended in a subse¬ quent issue. We are not responsible for any errors or omissions in published materials. However, should there be an error in any sub¬ mitted material, we will publish a correction in a subsequent issue. 6 esiri^ OOPS The Letters to the Editor column in Issue #4 contained three printing errors: Robert Caufman’s REM suggestion should have been printed as follows: FROM: 410 LET L$(N) = S$ (TO 29) 41 5 GOTO 500 TO: 410 REM LET L$(N) = S$ (TO 29) 411 LET L${N) - S$ (TO 23) 41 5 GOTO 500 And David Farmer’s rounding-off correc¬ tion for the Checkbook Manager was printed in the wrong position. The state¬ ment is: 2391 LET BA = INT(BA*100 + .1)/100 In the Bobsled Program, lines 70 and 75 should read: 70 PRINT AT 10,C; “V”; AT 10, C“ " 75 PRINT AT 1 0,C;“ = ” Do not RUN to execute the program; instead enter the command GOTO 1000. We apologize for any inconvenience result¬ ing from these errors. LETTERS TO THE EDITOR “BUG” COLLECTOR Meade Frierson III maintains a collection of “bugs” and other programming problems (and the appropriate solutions) on 3 1 /2 ,/ x5" index cards. So, when a “bug” raises its ugly head, this Birmingham, Alabama, resi¬ dent flips through the cards and frequently finds the appropriate “anti-bug” solution. SOUNDING OFF ON ROUNDING OFF All you need to do is incorporate the follow¬ ing one-line statement into your program to reduce large numbers into a much more manageable figure, says T/S user Joe Matherly of Coral Springs, Florida. LET Z = INT (Z*.10**X) +.5) *(10**- X) As illustrated by the programs below, X represents the variable in your program and Y is the number of places after the decimal point. UNROUNDED 10 LET X = 25 20 LET Y = 3,8 30 LET Z = X/Y 40 B PRINT AT 10,5;Z = 6.5789474 ROUNDED 10 LETX = 25 20 LET Y = 3.8 30 LET Z = X/Y 40 LETZ = INT (Z*(1 0* *2) + ,5)*(1 0 * *- 2 ) 50 PRINT AT 10,5;Z = 6.58 THE PROFESSIONAL TOUCH Here’s a tip that comes to us from Dick Sieg’s Cleveland, Ohio, Timex/Sinclair User Group announcement: The PAUSE 4E4 command can be used to stop a program when this command is en¬ countered. Then, when you press any key, the program resumes from the point of interruption. PROGRAMMING CAN BE FUN You can duplicate the following programs on your TIMEX Personal Computerto find out just how much fun programming can be. We are indebted to the T/S users identi¬ fied by the first program REM for submit¬ ting the programs to RAMBLINGS. MUSICAL COMPUTER One of the least publicized — but poten¬ tially most enjoyable — capabilities of the TIMEX Personal Computer is the ability to produce music. As demonstrated by the program below, a series of endless FOR/ NEXT loops (five in this program) of varying duration simulate the different notes of a musical scale. To play this composition, place a portable AM radio next to the TV jack of your com¬ puter. Tune the radio to an open frequency for the best sound reproduction. Now, RUN to execute the program and BREAK to stop it. 5 REM BY JULIE KNOTT AND 7 DAVE PROCHNOW, BELLEVUE, NE REM rrt^rtdfllillgfejiiTMJ-1 10 FOR A = 1 TO 5 20 FOR B= 1 TO 25 30 GOSUB190 40 NEXT B 50 FOR C = 1 TO 50 60 GOSUB190 70 NEXT C 80 FOR D = 1 TO 75 90 GOSUB190 100 NEXT D 110 FDR E = 1 TO 50 120 GOSUB190 130 NEXT E 140 FOR F = 1 TO 1 00 150 GOSUB190 160 NEXT F 170 NEXT A 180 GOTO 10 190 SLOW 200 FAST 210 RETURN Altering the tone duration is accomplished by changing the upper limit of the FOR/ NEXT statement; tone color is modified by adding different keywords in Statement 195 (try CLS, SCROLL, RUN and GOTO). WHIZ KIDS Most youngsters (and many adults) are particularly attracted to moving graphics. So, one of our T/S “whiz kids” has contrib¬ uted this “Electronic Crayon” program which lets you draw pictures on your T/S 1000 Personal Computer. RUN to execute the program, BREAK to stop, press the C key to clear the screen to start a new drawing, and use the Arrow keys (5,6,7,8) to produce your “T/S masterpiece.” 5 REM BY MICHAEL BOUCHER ELECTRONIC CRAYON 10 PRINT “USE THE ARROW KEYS T 0 DRAW ANY—” 11 PRINT “THING YOU WANT. USE THECKEY" 12 PRINT “TO CLEAR THE SCREEN AND START” 13 PRINT “OVER.” 20 PAUSE 100 30 CLS 40 LET A = 30 50 LET B = 1 0 60 PLOT A,B 70 IF INKEYS = ' •5“THEN GOTO 130 80 IF INKEYS = ‘ ‘6“THEN GOTO 150 90 IF INKEYS = ' *7“ THEN GOTO 1 70 100 IF INKEYS = ‘ ‘8“THEN GOTO 190 110 IF INKEYS = ' 'C“ THEN GOTO 30 120 GOTO 60 130 LET A = A-1 140 GOTO 60 150 LET B = B-1 160 GOTO 60 170 LET B = B + 1 180 GOTO 60 190 LET A = A + 1 200 GOTO 60 7 COMPUTER VOCABULARY Computer terminology is a specialized and unique language. To the first-time or uniniti¬ ated computer owner, this “jargon” can be misleading or confusing. Each issue, we’ll list some of the common (and not so common) computer terms. These highly simplified definitions will help you better understand your computer and its “lingo.” Spend a few minutes to learn these terms, and you’ll soon be talking like a computer professional. Bit — Smallest unit of computer informa¬ tion. Eight-bits are required to comprise one-byte. A bit is a binary digit which repre¬ sents 0 or 1 — providing the computer with a YES/NO (or ON/OFF) alternative. Byte — The smallest addressable unit in the system, a byte is composed of eight¬ binary digits (bits) which are taken as a unit. A computer is usually classified by the number of bytes it can store (i.e., a 16K computer stores 16,384 bytes). Character — A letter, digit, or symbol that represents data. A character and a byte are roughly synonymous. Command — An instruction to the computer. EDP — This acronym stands for Electronic Data Processing. And, because a compu¬ ter is capable of processing large amounts of data at a high rate of speed, the com¬ puter is typically considered to be an EDP system. Keyboard — Hardware unit on the com¬ puter (may be separate unit on modular computer system) which is utilized by the operator to type input to the computer. There are different types of keyboards (e.g., the TIMEX 1000 contains a 40-key membrane-type keyboard; the TIMEX 1500 keyboard is equipped with 40-typewriter- style, movable keys). List — Command to the T/S Personal Computer to display the program in mem¬ ory on the TV screen. The number of pro¬ gram lines displayed is limited by the physical capacity of the TV screen (i.e., dis¬ plays the first 22-lines). Program lines not shown because of the screen size limitation can be displayed by a LIST command and the appropriate line number (i.e., LIST 2000 ). Print — Execution of this program com¬ mand causes the TIM EX Personal Com¬ puter to produce a TV screen display of that data input from the keyboard. RAM Expansion Module — It is used to expand the storage capacity of the com¬ puter. The TIMEX RAM Expansion Module, for example, increases the storage capac¬ ity by 16K (i.e., to 32,768 characters in the T/S 1500). Run — Command which tells the com¬ puter to execute the program. Statement — Program line consisting of a line or sequence number (i.e. 10) a com¬ mand (i.e. LET) and the instructions that de¬ fine the parameters of the instructions (i.e., LET I = 5): 10 LET I = 5. AUDREY J VLIES 3 SOUTH DUNTON #4 ARLINGTON HEIGHTS, IL 60005 BULK RATE U.S. POSTAGE PAID PERMIT NO. 6 HARTFORD, CT. esid*v